During the years 2009-2021 in situ stress measurements have been carried out in over twenty locations to evaluate the usability of the new stress measurement technique. The thorough testing ensures fast and reliable rock stress measurements.
- Hydrogen storage facility for Hybrit project in Luleå, Vattenfall. Sweden. Measurement at depth of 30 m in 2021.
- Helen’s oil caverns in Salmisaari, AFRY. Finland. Measurements at depths of 15 & 20 m in 2021.
- Helsinki’s Urheilutunneli, Sitowise. Finland. Measurements at depth of 20 m in 2020.
- Kuopio Savilahti underground spaces. Finland. Measurement at depth of 25 m in 2019.
- Salmisaari, NCC Property Development. Finland. Measurement at depth of 12 m in 2019.
- Boliden Grapenberg Mine, Sweden. Measurement at depth of 1314 m in 2018.
- Kuopio Savilahti underground spaces. Finland. Measurement at depth of 20 m in 2018.
- Viikinmäki waste water treatment plant, Helsinki. Finland. Measurement at depth of 25 m in 2018.
- Kemi mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. Finland. Measurement at depths of 900 and 950 m in 2018.
- Boliden Rönnskär Storage Cavern, Boliden. Sweden. Measurement at depth of 295 m in 2018.
- Boliden Tara Mines, Boliden. Ireland. Measurement at depth of 830 m in 2017.
- Underground Characterization Facility for nuclear waste disposal site, Posiva Oy. Finland. Three measurements at depth of 420 m in 2017.
- Hydropower project in Tosbotn Fjord, Helgeland Kraft AS. Norway. Measurements in three locations in 2016.
- Pisara railway line – Hakaniemi station, Liikennevirasto. Finland. Two measurements at depth of 15 m in 2015.
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. Finland. Measurement at depth of 860 m in 2015.
- Kylylahti Mine, Boliden Kylylahti Oy. Finland. Measurement at depth of 650 m in 2015.
- Hendriksdalen water plant extension, Sweden. Sweco Civil AB. Two measurements at 45 m depth in 2015.
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. Finland. Two measurements with overcoring at depth of 400 m in 2014.
- Malmberget Mine, LKAB Plc., Sweden. Measurement with double sidecoring at depth of 1054 m in 2014.
- Pyhäsalmi Mine, Oulu Southern Institute. Finland. Two measurements with double sidecoring at depth of 1430 m for Laguna-project in 2013.
- Kylylahti Mine, Altona Mining Ltd. Finland. Measurement at depth of 400 m in 2013.
- Underground Characterization Facility for nuclear waste disposal site, Posiva Oy. Finland. Several measurements at depths of 160-420 m1
- Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. Sweden. Two measurements at depth of 440 m1
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. In total 71 hydraulic fracturing tests in at depth of 400 m in 2017
- Hydropower project in Tosbotn Fjord, Norway, Helgeland Kraft AS. In total 71 hydraulic fracturing tests in 2016.
3310 laboratory tests performed to date, and counting…
- Sweco Infra & Rail Oy, Finland. Eiranranta heat pump. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tensile strength testing.
- LKAB, Sweden. Kiruna Mine. Triaxial compressive strength testing campaign.
- Vantaan Energia. Brazilian testing, and Uniaxial and Triaxial compressive testing in thermally cycled samples.
- Seepsula Oy. Rock quality designation (RQD), Ultrasonic velocities and uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Terrafame Oy. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- LKAB, Sweden. Strain rate controlled uniaxial and triaxial compressive testing of rock samples. Project included determination of post-peak behaviour of rock samples.
- Deme group. Uniaxial, Triaxial, Point load, CAI and Brazilian testing of rock samples.
- Taratest Oy. Uniaxial and Brazilian testing of rock samples.
- Geotek Oy. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Sitowise. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- CAI and Drillability testing for multiple clients.
- ÅF Infrastructure, Sweden. Uniaxial & triaxial compressive strenght and indirect tensile strength testing of rock samples.
- KIGAM, Korea. Fracture toughness mode II PTS-CP testing of rock samples.
- Posiva. Static compressional load tests of rock samples (Creep). Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples. Fracture toughness mode II PTS-CP testing of rock samples.
- Kuopio Savilahti underground spaces. Uniaxial, joint normal and shear testing, and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Pisara railtunnel projects KAT1…3, Finnish Transport Agency. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- First Quantum Minerals Kevitsa Mining Oy. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- WSP Sverige Ab. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Tampereen Vesi. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Laguna Project, Kalliosuunnittelu Oy Rockplan Ltd. Laboratory Measurements of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Pyhäsalmi Main Rock Types.
- Oy Forcit Ab. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Itasca Consultants AB. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Fennovoima Hanhikivi 1, Drillcon SMOY Oy. UCS, Brazil, Point Load, Saturation, Ultrasonic velocities, Petrography.
- Boliden Kylylahti. Uniaxial testing of rock samples.
- ST1 Deep Heat. Uniaxial testing of rock samples.
- Helsingin Kaupunki. Joint normal and shear testing.
- Destia Oy. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Pohjatekniikka Oy. Triaxial, Ultrasonic velocities, Absorption, Bulk specific gravity, Porosity etc. testing of rock samples.
- Lahti southern ring road VT12, Destia Oy. Finland. External auditor of rock engineering design in 2019.
- Principal rock engineering design of new office building in Ilmala, Hartela Oy. Finland. 2016-2017.
- Sandvik test mine, Tampere. Finland. Design of overhead crane rock suspension in 2013.
- Rock mechanics design of Tampere Tunnel in 2013, Saanio & Riekkola Oy. Finland.
- TVO tunnel and caverns at Olkiluoto plant, Eurajöki region. Assessment and mapping of shotcrete damage. Ongoing project.
- Savilahti Sports and Events Center, Kuopio. Installation of extensometers in a large-span cavern and real time monitoring of displacements. First quarter of 2022.
- Viikinmäki waste water treatment plant, Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY. Rock stress measurement, displacement monitoring of damage and shotcrete damage mapping in 2018-2019.
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Hakala, M., Siren, T., Kemppainen, K., Christiansson, R., Martin, C.D. 2014. In situ stress measurement with LVDT-cell – method description and verification. Posiva Report 2012-43. Posiva.
- Hakala, M., Kemppainen, K., Siren, T., Heine, J., Christiansson, R., Martin, C.D., Koskinen, T. 2012. Experience with a new LVDT-Cell to measure in-situ stress from an existing tunnel. EUROCK 2012. Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hakala, M. 2013. In situ rock stress measurements from existing tunnels with LVDT-cell. Finnish Rock Mechanics day. Finnish National group of ISRM.
- Hakala, M. 2016. LVDT cell method – and development of In situ stress measurement techniques in Finland. 7th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress May 10-12, 2016 Tampere, Finland.
