During the years 2009-2023 in situ stress measurements have been carried out in over twenty locations to evaluate the usability of the new stress measurement technique. The thorough testing ensures fast and reliable rock stress measurements.
- HUS & Rockplan Oy – Finland, 2024. HUS Meilahti P2. Measurement depths of 5 m.
- Grangex AB – Sweden, 2023. Dannemora Iron mine. Measurement depths of 145 & 251 m.
- Vattenfall – Sweden, 2021. Hydrogen storage facility for Hybrit project in Luleå, Measurement depth 30 m.
- AFRY & Helen – Finland, 2021. Oil caverns in Salmisaari. Measurement depths 15 & 20 m.
- Sitowise – Finland, 2020. Helsinki’s Urheilutunneli. Measurement depths of 20 m.
- Kuopio city & Comadev Oy – Finland, 2019. Savilahti underground spaces. Measurement at depth 25 m.
- NCC Property Development – Finland, 2019. Salmisaari. Measurement at depth 12 m.
- Boliden – Sweden, 2018. Boliden Grapenberg Mine. Measurement at depth 1314 m.
- Kuopio city & Comadev Oy – Finland, 2018. Savilahti underground spaces. Measurement at depth 20 m.
- HSY – Finland, 2018. Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant. Measurement at depth 25 m.
- Outokumpu Chrome Oy – Finland, 2018. Kemi mine. Measurement at depths 900 & 950 m.
- Boliden – Sweden, 2018. Boliden Rönnskär Storage Cavern. Measurement at depth of 295 m in 2018.
- Boliden – Ireland, 2017. Boliden Tara Mines. Measurement at depth 830 m.
- Posiva Oy – Finland, 2017. Underground Characterization Facility for nuclear waste disposal site. Three measurements at depth 420 m.
- Helgeland Kraft AS – Norway, 2016. Hydropower project in Tosbotn Fjord. Measurements in three locations.
- Liikennevirasto – Finland, 2015. Pisara railway line – Hakaniemi station. Two measurements at depth 15 m.
- Outokumpu Chrome Oy – Finland, 2015. Kemi Mine. Measurement at depth 860 m.
- Boliden Kylylahti Oy – Finland, 2015. Kylylahti Mine. Measurement at depth 650 m.
- Sweco Civil AB – Sweden, 2015. Hendriksdalen water plant extension. Two measurements at depth 45 m.
- Outokumpu Chrome Oy – Finland, 2014. Kemi Mine. Two OC measurements at depth 400 m.
- LKAB Plc – Sweden, 2014. Malmberget Mine. Double sidecoring measurements at detph 1054 m.
- Oulu Southern Institute- Finland, 2013. Pyhäsalmi Mine – Laguna-project. Double sidecoring measurements at detph 1430 m.
- Altona Mining Ltd – Finland, 2013. Kylylahti Mine. Measurement depth of 400 m.
- Posiva Oy – Finland, 2013. Underground Characterization Facility for nuclear waste disposal site. Several measurements at depths 160-420 m1.
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. – Sweden, 2013. Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. Two measurements at depth 440 m1.
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. In total 71 hydraulic fracturing tests in at depth of 400 m in 2017
- Hydropower project in Tosbotn Fjord, Norway, Helgeland Kraft AS. In total 71 hydraulic fracturing tests in 2016.
3310 laboratory tests performed to date, and counting…
- Sweco Infra & Rail Oy, Finland. Eiranranta heat pump. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tensile strength testing.
- LKAB, Sweden. Kiruna Mine. Triaxial compressive strength testing campaign.
- Vantaan Energia. Brazilian testing, and Uniaxial and Triaxial compressive testing in thermally cycled samples.
- Seepsula Oy. Rock quality designation (RQD), Ultrasonic velocities and uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Terrafame Oy. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- LKAB, Sweden. Strain rate controlled uniaxial and triaxial compressive testing of rock samples. Project included determination of post-peak behaviour of rock samples.
- Deme group. Uniaxial, Triaxial, Point load, CAI and Brazilian testing of rock samples.
- Taratest Oy. Uniaxial and Brazilian testing of rock samples.
- Geotek Oy. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Sitowise. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- CAI and Drillability testing for multiple clients.
- ÅF Infrastructure, Sweden. Uniaxial & triaxial compressive strenght and indirect tensile strength testing of rock samples.
- KIGAM, Korea. Fracture toughness mode II PTS-CP testing of rock samples.
- Posiva. Static compressional load tests of rock samples (Creep). Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples. Fracture toughness mode II PTS-CP testing of rock samples.
- Kuopio Savilahti underground spaces. Uniaxial, joint normal and shear testing, and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Pisara railtunnel projects KAT1…3, Finnish Transport Agency. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- First Quantum Minerals Kevitsa Mining Oy. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- WSP Sverige Ab. Uniaxial compressive testing of rock samples.
- Tampereen Vesi. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Laguna Project, Kalliosuunnittelu Oy Rockplan Ltd. Laboratory Measurements of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Pyhäsalmi Main Rock Types.
- Oy Forcit Ab. Uniaxial and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Itasca Consultants AB. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Kemi Mine, Outokumpu Chrome Oy. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Fennovoima Hanhikivi 1, Drillcon SMOY Oy. UCS, Brazil, Point Load, Saturation, Ultrasonic velocities, Petrography.
- Boliden Kylylahti. Uniaxial testing of rock samples.
- ST1 Deep Heat. Uniaxial testing of rock samples.
- Helsingin Kaupunki. Joint normal and shear testing.
- Destia Oy. Uniaxial compressive and indirect tension testing of rock samples.
- Pohjatekniikka Oy. Triaxial, Ultrasonic velocities, Absorption, Bulk specific gravity, Porosity etc. testing of rock samples.
- Lahti southern ring road VT12, Destia Oy. Finland. External auditor of rock engineering design in 2019.
- Principal rock engineering design of new office building in Ilmala, Hartela Oy. Finland. 2016-2017.
- Sandvik test mine, Tampere. Finland. Design of overhead crane rock suspension in 2013.
- Rock mechanics design of Tampere Tunnel in 2013, Saanio & Riekkola Oy. Finland.
- TVO tunnel and caverns at Olkiluoto plant, Eurajöki region. Assessment and mapping of shotcrete damage. Ongoing project.
- Savilahti Sports and Events Center, Kuopio. Installation of extensometers in a large-span cavern and real time monitoring of displacements. First quarter of 2022.
- Viikinmäki waste water treatment plant, Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY. Rock stress measurement, displacement monitoring of damage and shotcrete damage mapping in 2018-2019.
- 1
Hakala, M., Siren, T., Kemppainen, K., Christiansson, R., Martin, C.D. 2014. In situ stress measurement with LVDT-cell – method description and verification. Posiva Report 2012-43. Posiva.
- Hakala, M., Kemppainen, K., Siren, T., Heine, J., Christiansson, R., Martin, C.D., Koskinen, T. 2012. Experience with a new LVDT-Cell to measure in-situ stress from an existing tunnel. EUROCK 2012. Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hakala, M. 2013. In situ rock stress measurements from existing tunnels with LVDT-cell. Finnish Rock Mechanics day. Finnish National group of ISRM.
- Hakala, M. 2016. LVDT cell method – and development of In situ stress measurement techniques in Finland. 7th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress May 10-12, 2016 Tampere, Finland.
